Table 1 Gene mutations in small cell carcinoma

TP53 mutation

80–90% [5]

40-60%

RB1 mutation

60–90% [71]

15-30%

PTEN mutation

60-90% of cases [8]

40%

PARP1 high expression

2.6 fold higher than non-Small cell carcinoma [10]

PARP-1 inhibitors as anti-cancers

TERT promoter mutation

100%

60-70%

Not see in SmCC from prostate, lung, ovary, or esophagus [10]

TP53

overexpression 54% p53 negative staining 46% [72]

TP53 mutations 14% 30%

ERG gene rearrangements

45% [30, 31]

40-60% [63]

True prostate cancer specific biomarkers: PCA3 and TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion [73]

(TMPRSS2–ERG gene fusions)

RB1 loss

90% [68]

34% of primary 74% of met [14]

Loss of RB1 function late in prostate cancer, early in other common cancers

RAS/RAF

No report

43% of primary, 90% of met [14]

PTEN

63%[68]

4% of primary, 58% of met [14]

SMARCA4 mutations

75-100% [46–48]

Very rare in other tumor [46–48]

Characteristic mutation in SCCOHT

MCV clonally integrated

80–97% [52–54]

8-16% of other tumor [52–54]

Characteristic integration in MCC