Table 1 Characteristics of HDACis in MM (selected)

Short-chain fatty acid

Valproic acid (VPA)

III

Class I, IIa

Cervical and ovarian

Sodium butyrate

II

Class I, IIa

Colonic cancer

Penyl butyrate

II

Class I, IIa

Urea cycle disorders

Hydroxamic acid

LBH589 (Panobinostat)

Approved for MM in 2015 (withdrawn in 2022)

III

Class I, II, IV

MM and CTCL

Trichostain-A (TSA)

Preclinical

Class I, II, IV

Cervical and hepatoma

SAHA (Vorinostat)

Yes (USA) Approved for CTCL

I/II

Class I, II, IV

CTCL

JNJ-26481585 (Qusinostat)

I/II

Class I, II, IV

RRMM and solid tumors

ITF2357 (Gavinostat)

II

Class I, II

Refractory leukemia and RRMM

PXD101 (Belinostat)

Yes (USA) Approved for PTCL

Class I, II, IV

PTCL and RRMM

NVP-LAQ824 (Dacinostat)

I

Class I, II

NSCC and colonic cancer

Suberoylanilide bis-hydroxamic acid (SBHA)

Class I

Melanoma and sarcoma

RAS2410 (Resminostat)

I/II

Class I, II

Hodgkin lymphoma and HCC

ACY-1215 (Rocilinostat)

I

HDAC6

RRMM

CR-2408

Class I, II, IV

MM

Practinostat

II

Class I, II, IV

Prostate cancer

CHR-3996 (Nanatinostat)

I

Class I

Refractory metastatic solid tumors

Benzamide

MGCD-0103 (Mocetinostat)

II

Class I, IV

Hodgkin lymphoma

SNDX-275 (MS-275, Entinostat)

II/III

Class I

Leukemia, colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, lung, ovarian, MM

CI-994 (Tacedinaline)

III

Class I

Pancreatic cancer, NSCC, MM, leukemia

4SC-202 (Domatinostat)

I

Class I

Advanced hematological malignancies

Chidamide (Tucidinostat)

Yes (China)

II

Class I, IIb

Solid tumors, PTCL, MM and ATLL

Cyclic peptide

Depsipeptide (FR901228, FK228, Romidepsin)

Yes (USA) Approved for CTCL

II

Class I

CTCL and RRMM

Apicidin

Class I

Melanoma and leukemia

Mercaptoketone

KD5170

Class I, II

MM

Sirtuins inhibitors

Nicotinamide

III

Class III

Laryngeal cancer

Sirtinol

Preclinical

SIRT1, II

Cambinol

Preclinical

SIRT1, II

EX-527

Preclinical/I/II

SIRT1, II

Huntington disease, glaucoma

Others

Tubacin

HDAC6

MM

ACY-241 (Citarinostat)

Ib

HDAC6

MM