Fig. 5

ANXA6 promotes autophagy by inhibiting the AKT/mTOR pathway in HNSCC cells. A The gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) using transcriptome sequencing shows autophagy signaling pathway enriched in the HNSCC patients with lymphatic metastasis. B Representative transmission electron microscope (TEM) images of autophagosomes (red arrow) in FaDu and SCC15 cell lines after overexpression ANXA6. Magnification: ×6000 for low-power fields, ×12,000 for high-power fields. C Representative immunofluorescent images of the colocalization of LC3 (red) and LAMP1 (green) after overexpression ANXA6 in HNSCC cells treated with DMSO (10 μm/ml) or CQ (10 μm/ml) for 24 h. D The protein expression levels of autophagy-related markers, P62 and LC3 in HNSCC cells treated with DMSO (10 μm/ml) or CQ (10 μm/ml) for 24 h. E The protein expression levels of p-AKT, AKT, p-mTOR, and mTOR after overexpression of ANXA6 in HNSCC cells. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; compared with the indicated group