Fig. 1

Construction of the complement-related gene signature and internal validation using TCGA-LUAD. A Heatmap of NMF clustering for complement-related genes in TCGA-LUAD cohort with two clusters. B Kaplan–Meier curves of overall survival in TCGA-LUAD on the basis of the complement-related clusters. C–D The relationships between cophenetic, dispersion and the numbers of clusters. E Heatmap showing the expression patterns of 64 complement-related genes between different risk groups, and clusters in the TCGA-LUAD cohort. Survival status, gender, age and TNM stage were the annotations. F Forrest plot showing the four genes in the signature. G Alluvial diagram showing the relationship between cluster, risk, and survival. Kaplan–Meier curves of overall survival between the low and high risk groups based on the median risk score were performed in training set H, test set K and whole set N of TCGA-LUAD. ROCs of the signature for prediction of overall survival at 1, 3 and 5 years in training set I, test set L and whole set O of TCGA-LUAD. Distribution of the risk scores of patients in training set J, test set M and whole set P of TCGA-LUAD. Kaplan–Meier curves of overall survival between the low and high risk groups in stage I-II Q, age ≤ 65 R, and male S subgroups of TCGA-LUAD cohort. TCGA-LUAD, lung adenocarcinoma cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas; ROC, receiver operating characteristic curve