Fig. 4
From: Understanding the versatile roles and applications of EpCAM in cancers: from bench to bedside
Functions and applications of EpCAM. EpCAM participates in aspects of cancer pathological processes and leads to various cancerous properties, including EMT, hypoxic metabolism, stemness, angiogenesis and immune evasion. Due to its versatile functions in cancer development, diverse clinical applications are displayed and come into use. EpCAM-targeting immunotherapy and modified microparticles have shown clinical prospects for cancer therapy. In addition, EpCAM is used for CTC detection, as well as a CSC marker for diagnosis and prognosis values