Fig. 1

a Cell identification of the AML bone marrow microenvironment. b Metabolic heatmap of progenitor cells and immune cells from tumor and normal bone marrow microenvironments. The energy metabolism of AML progenitor cells is at a relatively low rate compared with that of tumor-infiltrating myeloid immune cells, including monocytes and neutrophils. Moreover, oxidative phosphorylation, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle play important roles in glucose metabolism in AML progenitor cells. In addition, amino acid pathways are substantially more active in tumors. Compared with the normal microenvironment, the metabolic activity of T cells in the TME decreases significantly, but myeloid immune cells increase markedly (red indicates high expression, and blue indicates low expression). c Metabolic preference of cells in the TME. GSVA was performed by scoring the three major metabolic pathways, and the results showed that amino acid metabolism is the main source of cell energy in the AML bone marrow microenvironment. d The ratios of anti-inflammatory phenotype cells (M2/N2) in normal and AML bone marrow microenvironments. The proportion of neutrophils and monocytes polarized toward the anti-inflammatory phenotype (M2/N2) in the TME is greater than that in the normal microenvironment. e Heatmap of cell–cell interactions. AML progenitor cells prefer to communicate with myeloid immune cells with an immunosuppressive phenotype, especially monocyte_CD14 high (red indicates high expression, and blue indicates low expression). f Relationships between signaling patterns and metabolism. The significant inflammatory cytokines participate in three major metabolic pathways separately