Table 1 Clinical application value of tsRNAs in cancer

Plasm

tiRNA-5034-GluTTC-2

5′tiRNA

GC

Down

Have good diagnostic efficacy for GC, which was further improved by combining their expression levels in tissues and plasma

[95]

tRF-33-P4R8YP9LON4VDP

5′tiRNA

GC

Down

Serve as a novel diagnostic biomarker and target for GC therapeutics

[77]

tRF-19-3L7L73JD

i-tRF

GC

Down

Associated with tumor size and may be useful as a biomarker of GC

[78]

tRF-5026a

tRF-5

GC

Down

Related to tumor size and has certain diagnostic value to predict the overall survival

[80]

tRF-Glu-CTC-003, tRF-Gly-CCC-007, tRF-Gly-CCC-008

tRF-5

EBC

Down

Serve as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of EBC

[107]

tRF-Leu-CAA-003, tRF-Ser-TGA-001, tRF-Ser-TGA-002

tRF-Gly-CCC-001

tRF-1

BC

Up

Serve as diagnostic biomarkers for BC

[96]

tRF-Arg-CCT-017, tiRNA-Phe-GAA-003

tRF-1, 5′tiRNA

BC

Up

Serve as diagnostic and prognostic markers of BC

tRF-16-PSQP4PE, tRF-21-RK9P4P9L0

tRF-5

LC

Up

Combining the three tsRNAs may predict LUAD

[97]

tRF-16-L85J3KE

i-tRF

LC

Down

5’-tRF-GlyGCC

tRF-5

CRC

Up

Serve as a promising diagnostic biomarker for CRC diagnosis

[98]

Serum

hsa_tsr016141

tRF-5

GC

Up

Serve as a diagnostic marker for GC and dynamically monitor the postoperative situation

[82]

tRF-31-U5YKFN8DYDZDD

i-tRF

GC

Up

Related to TNM stage, depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, and vascular invasion

[83]

tRF-Leu-CAG

5′tiRNA

NSCLC

Up

Significantly correlated with tumor progression

[90]

tDR‐000,620

5′tiRNA

TNBC

Down

May provide predictive biomarkers and therapeutic targets for TNBC recurrence

[99]

5′-tiRNA^Val

5'tiRNA

BC

Down

Positively correlated with stage progression and lymph node metastasis

[65]

tRF-30-JZOYJE22RR33, tRF-27-ZDXPHO53KSN

tRF-3

BC

Up

Correlated with trastuzumab resistance

[100]

tRF-17-79MP9PP

tRF-5

BC

Down

Serve as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of EBC

[102]

tDR-7816

i-tRF

BC

Down

Potential diagnostic biomarker for patients with early non-TNBC

[101]

tsRNA-MetCAT-37, tsRNA-ValTAC-41, tsRNA-ThrTGT-23

tRF-3

PDAC

Up

may be promising and effective candidates for PDAC diagnosis

[108]

tRF-Gln-TTG-006

tRF-5

HCC

Up

can distinguish between HCC patients and healthy controls even in early stages

[103]

Exosome

tRF-38, tRF-18

tRF-3

GC

Up

discriminate GC patients with a high risk of recurrence and poor prognosis

[104]

tRF-25

i-tRF

tRNA-ValTAC-3

tRF-3

HCC

Up

serve as a novel “liquid biopsy” biomarker for HCC diagnosis

[105]

tRNA-GlyTCC-5, tRNA-ValAAC-5

5'tiRNA

tRNA-GluCTC-5

tRF-5

tRNA-GlyGCC-5

tRF-5

ESCC

Up

predict of ESCC patients who likely to benefit from adjuvant therapy

[106]