Fig. 4

NKG2D-dependent activation and GzmB production of NK cells and T lymphocytes. NK cells or T lymphocytes were pretreated with an anti-NKG2D antibody or a control IgG antibody for 30 min and then stimulated with exosomes for 6 h and 36 h, respectively. a–c The intracellular expression of GzmB in NK cells (a), CD4⁺ T cells (b) and CD8⁺ T cells (c) was measured by intracellular staining and flow cytometric analysis. Representative flow cytometry plots showing the expression level of intracellular GzmB in these immune cells. Values are presented as the means ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs. the corresponding ctrl IgG group