Fig. 3
From: Research progress on dendritic cell vaccines in cancer immunotherapy
Tumor cells such as AML cells can be killed in different ways, such as irradiation, chemotherapy and immunomodulation. DCs can induce/enhance tumor cell death via different mechanisms, such as MHC upregulation, proinflammatory cytokine release, upregulation of lymph node homing receptors, complement activation, costimulatory ligand expression or direct tumor killing. However, suboptimal stimulation, such as via the apoptosis pathway, can cause T cell anergy or immune tolerance, which allows the tumor cells to survive