Table 1 Representative markers of gastrointestinal CSCs

(1) CD133⁺ [91]

(1) ALDH^high [101]

(1) CD133⁺/ CXCR4⁺ [114]

(1) CD44⁺ [119]

(1) CD44⁺ [130]

(2) CD13⁺ [92]

(2) Lgr5⁺ [102]

(2) ALDH1A1⁺ [115]

(2) CD44v8-10⁺ [120]

(2) Integrin α7⁺ [131]

(3) EpCAM⁺ [93]

(3) ABCG2⁺/OCT4⁺ [103]

(3) pAKT⁺/SOX9⁺ [116]

(3) Snail⁺ [121]

(3) ALDH1⁺ [132]

(4) SOX9 [94]

(4) CD44v2⁺ [104]

(4) FAM83A⁺ [117]

(4) Lgr5⁺ [122]

(4) ALDH1A1⁺ [133]

(5) Lin28B⁺ [95]

(5) CD44v6⁺ [105]

(5) CD133⁺/CD44⁺/CD24⁺/ESA⁺ [118]

(5) Frizzled7⁺ [123]

(5) B7H4⁺ [134]

(6) β-catenin⁺/GEP [96]

(6) CD133⁺ [106]

(6) CD44⁺/CD24⁺/EpCAM⁺ [118]

(6) CD47⁺ [124]

(6) Gli1⁺ [135]

(7) CD133⁺/CD49f⁺ [97]

(7) CD166⁺ [107]

(7) CD133⁺ [125]

(7) Musashi1⁺ [136]

(8) CD90⁺/CD45⁻, CD44⁺/CD90⁺ [98]

(8) EpCAM⁻ [108]

(8) ALDH⁺ [126]

(8) Epiregulin⁺ [137]

(9) CD44⁺/CD133⁺ [99]

(9) E-cadherin⁻ [109]

(9) CD44⁺/CD24⁺ [127]

(9) Numb⁺ [138]

(10) SALL4⁺/EpCAM⁺ [100]

(10) CD133⁺/CD44⁺/ALDH1⁺ [110]

(10) CD44⁺/CD133⁺ [128]

(10) WASH⁺ [139]

(11) EpCAM⁺/CD44⁺/CD166⁺ [19]

(11) CD44⁺/Snail1⁺/Vimentin⁺/E-cadherin⁺ [129]

(11) CD47⁺/CD133⁺ [140]

(12) CD44⁺/CD24⁺ [111]

(12) CD133⁺/CXCR4⁺ [141]

(13) CD133⁺/CXCR4⁺ [112]

(14) CD133⁺/CD24⁺ [113]