Table 2 The application of accessory genetic modifications in CAR T cells
Accessory molecules | Functions | Author and year |
|---|---|---|
IL-7 or IL-7R | Inhibits T cells apoptosis and exhaustion | He et al. (2020) [46] Shum et al. (2017) [47] |
IL-7/CCL12 | Improves the survival and infiltration of CAR T cells and DCs in tumor | Luo et al. (2020) [48] |
IL-7/CCL19 | Improves the infiltration and anti-tumor response of both recipient conventional T cells and CAR T cells in tumor | Adachi et al. (2018) [49] |
IL-15/IL-21 IL-2Rβ/YXXQ | Generates stem cell memory and central memory T cells activates the JAK-STAT pathway and triggers gene expression profiles analogous to those triggered by IL-21 | Batra et al. (2020) [50] Kagoya et al. (2018) [51] |
IL-12 | Mitigates Treg-suppression and reprogram tumor-associated macrophages and dendritic cells | Pegram et al. (2012) [52] Koneru et al. (2015) [53] |
IL-23 | Increases granzyme B and decreases PD-1 expression | Ma et al. (2020) [54] |
CD40L | Facilitates T cells memory formation and induces increased immunogenicity on tumor cells | Curran et al. (2015) [56] |
4-1BBL | Increases CD8/CD4 ratio and decreases T cells exhaustion due to the activation of IRF7/IFN-β pathway | Zhao et al. (2015) [57] |
ICOSL | Enhances PI3K signaling pathway and upregulates the expression of Bcl2 | Hu et al. (2019) [58] |