Hematopoietic stem cell transplantion (e.g., leukemia and myeloma)
|
1. Reset the immune system
|
2. Allo-antigen response (graft versus tumor effect)
|
Antibody (e.g., retuximab, trastuzumab)
|
1. Eliminate cancer cells
|
2. Block key signaling pathways
|
Cytokines (e.g., type I interferon, interleukin-2)
|
Boost both innate and adaptive immunity
|
Dendritic cells (e.g., Sip-T for prostate cancer)
|
Enhance tumor-specific T cell priming
|
T cell checkpoint blockade (e.g., Ipilumimab for melanoma)
|
Block/reverse immune tolerance
|
Microbes (e.g., BCG for the transitional bladder cancer)
|
Enhance innate and adaptive immunity
|