Digitoxin and its analogs as novel cancer therapeutics

Table 1 Summary of most studied CGs and their anticancer activity

Compound	Susceptible cancer types	IC₅₀ Range	References
Bufalin	• Prostate cancer (PC3, DU145, and LNCaP cells) • Leukemia (THP1, U937, and MOLT-3 cells)	0.1-10 μM	[14, 15, 24–28]
Cinobufagin	• Prostate cancer (PC3, DU145, and LNCaP cells)	0.1-10 μM	[14, 15, 24, 25, 27, 28]
Digitoxin	• Prostate cancer (PC3, DU145, and LNCaP cells) • Breast cancer (MCF-7 cells) • Renal adenocarcinoma (TK-10 cells) • Melanoma (UACC-62 cells) • Leukemia (K-562 cells) • Lung (A549 cells, and NCI-H460 cells)	0.01-10 μM	[9, 29–40]
Digoxin	• Prostate cancer (PC3, DU145, and LNCaP cells) • Cervical cancer (Hela cells) • Lung (A549 cells, and NCI-H460 cells)	0.1-10 μM	[29–32, 35, 40, 41]
Oleandrin	• Prostate cancer (PC3, DU145, LNCaP) • Leukemia (U-937, and HL-60 cells) • Breast cancer (MCF-7) • Lung • Malignant Fibroblast (VA-13) • Liver carcinoma (HepG2 cells) • Pancreatic cancer (PANC-1 cells)	0.1 - 1 μM	[42–57]
Ouabain	• Prostate cancer (PC3, DU145, LNCaP) • Breast cancer (MDA-MB-435scells) • Lung (NCI-H460 cells)	0.1-10 μM	[2, 29, 30, 32–35, 40, 46, 58–62]
Proscillaridin	• Breast cancer (MCF-7 cells) • Fibroblasts	30-100 nM	[29, 30, 32, 33, 35, 43, 63–66]

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