Immune related biomarkers for cancer metastasis to the brain

Table 3 Immune-checkpoints and ligands in prognosis prediction in brain metastasis

Primary Cancer	No	Treatment	Biomarker	Method	Sample type	Cut-off	HR	CI	P	Follow up	Prognosis	References
Breast Cancer	84	No	PD-1	IHC	Tissue	0.10%	0.3	NR	< 0.003	21 mos	Longer OS	[117]
Multiple cancer*	236	No	CD74	Microarray	Tissue	Score > 20	NR	NR	0.001	4166 days	Longer OS	[119]
Breast Cancer	20	NO	Vista	IHC	Tissue	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	[123]
SCLC	32	No	PD-L1	IHC	Tissue	5%	NR	NR	0.002	NR	Longer OS	[126]
NSCLC	34	ICI	PD-L1	FACS	Tissue/blood	Median	NR	7.8–NR	0.003	1200 days	Worse OS	[127]
NSCLC	49	No	B7-H4	IHC	Tissue	Median	NR	NR	0.002	14 mons	Worse OS	[131]

No: Not previous treatment, NR Non report, ICI immune check-point inhibitor, SCLC small cell lung cancer, IHC Immunohistochemistry, NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer, FACS Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting, OS Overall Survival. Multiple cancer*: brain metastasis of melanoma (n = 96), NSCLC (n = 56), breast carcinoma (n = 31), renal cancer (n = 18), small cell lung cancer (n = 8), colon carcinoma (n = 10), not specified carcinoma (n = 8) and rare tumors (n = 9). P P value, mos months

ISSN: 2162-3619