Immune related biomarkers for cancer metastasis to the brain

Table 2 Lymphocytes as biomarker for prognosis and or prediction in brain metastasis

Primary Cancer	Pre-Treatment	Number of patients	Biomarker	Method	Sample type	Cut-off	HR	95% CI	P value	Median follow-up (months)	Prognosis	References
SCLC	/	32	CD45RO + TIL	IHC	Tissue	sparse /scattered	NR	0.000–26.14	0.007	11	longer survival	[66]
NSCLC	ICI	25	stromal CD8 + T	IHC	Tissue	Mean value of CD8 TIL infiltration	NR	NR	0.031	NR	longer survival	[74]
Lung cancer	Surgery	15	CD8 + T cells	IHC	Tissue	0.10%	NR	NR	NR	NR	longer survival	[34]
Breast cancer	Surgery,STI, WBI	89	TIL	IHC	Tissue	0.10%	NR	NR	0.13	13	longer survival	[64]
Multiple cancers*	NIL	26	CD3 T-cell density	IHC	Tissue	Immunoreactive cells	NR	NR	0.016	5.8	longer survival	[68]
Multiple cancers*	Surgery,STI, WBI	223	CD8 intratumoral expression	IHC	Tissue	0.10%	NR	NR	0.07	32	NR	[69]
Lung cancer	Surgery + TKI	12	TCR clonality	NGS	Tissue and blood	TCR clonality diversity	0.175	NR	p < 0.001	NR	worse OS	[31]
Lung carcinoma	Surgery	33	higher TCR clonality	NGS	Tissue and blood	higher TCR clonality	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	[31]
Lung carcinoma	Surgery	33	TPS	NGS	Tissue	Positive	0.16	NR	p = 0.001	NR	NR	[31]

NR Non report, FACS Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting, SRS Stereotactic radiosurgery, OS overall survival, ICI Immune checkpoint inhibitor, SCLC small cell lung cancer, TIL tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, IHC Immunohistochemistry, TCR T-cell receptor, STI stereotactic irradiation, WBI whole-brain irradiation, TKI Tyrosine kinase inhibitors

ISSN: 2162-3619