Fig. 4From: RHO GTPase family in hepatocellular carcinomaRHO GTPase function. Under stimulation by various upstream signals, including integrin, GPCRs and tyrosine kinase receptors, RHO GEFs are activated. Subsequently, activated RHOA, RAC1 and CDC42 bind to and specifically activate their downstream effectors, including protein kinases (e.g., PKN, ROCK, and Citron) and scaffolding proteins (e.g., WASP, IRSp53 and mDia). These target proteins activate distinct signaling pathways with multiple roles in cell motility, cell cycle, phagocytosis and membrane traffickingBack to article page