Fig. 1

Progress of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-based cellular immunotherapy highlighted at the 2021 ASH annual meeting. A The exploration of novel antigen targets in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and multiple myeloma (MM). B Novel treatment strategies of CAR-based combinational therapy for AML and MM. (1) Pharmacologically controlled CD33-targeted anti-AML CAR-T product regulated by low concentrations of rapamycin. (2) Dual targeting with FLT3 CAR-T cell and FLT3 inhibitor for FLT3-mutant AML. (3) The combination of gamma secretase inhibitor (GSI) to modulate B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) expression improves efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy in MM. (4) Application of CAR-NK cell therapy in AML and MM. C The universal CAR-T cell therapy. (1) The combination of anti-CD52 mAb and TALEN-mediated gene-editing in universal CAR-T (UCAR-T) cell. (2) The disruption of T cell receptor (TCR) with CAR gene knock-in by ARCUS nuclease in UCAR-T cell. D Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) as an innovative cell source for CAR-based cellular immunotherapy. (1) The production of iPSC-derived CAR-NK cell. (2) The production of iPSC-derived CAR-T cell