Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in hematologic malignancies: two sides of the same coin

Table 1 Studies targeting MDSCs in malignant hematologic diseases and HSCT

Therapeutic drugs	Targeting process	Disease	Action effect	References
Daratumumab	Reduction in the number of MDSCs	MM	Reduces the number of CD38⁺ MDSCs.	[97]
All-trans retinoic acid	Inhibition of M-MDSC production	APL	Induces APL primitive cell differentiation and death and inhibits PGD2/ILC2/IL-13 axis-induced MDSC generation.	[110]
Imatinib/dasatinib	Reduction in the number and immunosuppressive effect of MDSCs	CML	Reduces the number of MDSCs and their ARG-1, MPO, and IL-10 levels.	[111]
Ibrutinib	Reduction in the number of MDSCs	CLL	Reduces MDSC numbers and alters the differentiation of MDSCs, inducing naïve T cells towards Th1 cells and away from Th2 cells.	[116]
Tadalafil	Inhibition of immunosuppressive effects of MDSCs	R/R MM	Reduces the levels of ROS, ARG-1, and iNOS in MDSCs and restores the anti-tumor immune response of T cells.	[134]
Bisphosphonates	Reduction in the number of MDSCs	MM	Reduces the number of MDSCs and decreases their ability to differentiate into osteoblasts.	[153]
Bendamustine	Enhancement of immunosuppressive function of MDSCs	HSCT	Enhances immunosuppression in MDSCs and reduces GVHD.	[154]

APL acute promyelocytic leukemia, R/R MM relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, CML chronic myeloid leukemia, CLL chronic lymphocytic leukemia, PGD2 prostaglandin D2, ILC2 Group 2 innate lymphoid cells, ARG-1 arginase 1, ROS reactive oxygen species, MPO myeloperoxidase, HSCT hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, GVHD graft-versus-host disease

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