Table 3 Biomarkers in reprogrammed pathways related to metabolism in CLL
From: Targeting metabolic reprogramming in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Biomarkers | Mechanism of action |
|---|---|
BTK | Involves in CLL cell proliferation and adhesion, BCR signaling, chemokine secretion (CCL3, CCL4) |
ZAP-70 | Overexpressed in CLL cell and enhances BCR signaling |
Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) | Involves CLL cell survival and migration via BCR and chemokine receptor signaling |
Lyn | Overexpressed in CLL cell as a major contributor to antigen-independent BCR signaling |
Sprouty2 | Significantly decreased in CLL cells from poor-prognosis patients and attenuates BCR and MAPK-ERK signaling in CLL cell |
CD5 | Promotes the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK-ERK pathway |
CD40 | Regulates amino acid metabolism, TCA and energy production |