Table 1 Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes participate in the metabolic reprogramming of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
From: Targeting metabolic reprogramming in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Gene | Effects on metabolic pathways | Relevance to CLL |
|---|---|---|
TP53 | Glucose metabolism Lipid metabolism OXPHOS Iron metabolism | TP53 plays key roles in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, DNA repair and autophagy. The TP53 mutation/deletion is a poor prognostic biomarker in CLL, and tailors the therapy of CLL patients |
ATM | Glutamine metabolism Glucose metabolism | ATM mutations predict for shorter time to first treatment irrespective of the IGHV mutation status |
MYC | Glutamine metabolism Glucose metabolism | Mutations in MYC have been linked to Richter syndrome. BCR engagement enhances MYC expression in a BTK dependent manner as it is abrogated by ibrutinib |
SI | Carbohydrate metabolism | SI participants in metabolic reprogramming in CLL cells |
AKT | Glucose metabolism | Active AKT signaling triggers CLL toward Richter transformation via overactivation of Notch1 |
EZH2 | Glutamine metabolism Lipid metabolism Amino acid metabolism | EZH2 upregulates the PI3K/AKT pathway through IGF1R and MYC in aggressive CLL |