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Table 1 Dysregulated PD-L1 and PD-1 expression in MDS/AML

From: Targeting PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia

Disease

Upregulated molecules

Reference

Specimen types and numbers

Cell subtypes with upregulation of PD-1/PD-L1

Clinical outcome associations

MDS

PD-L1

Cheng et al. [62]

BM (n = 10)

CD34+ cells; CD33+ CD14+ MDSCs; CD71+ erythroid progenitors

NA

Kondo et al. [31]

BM (n = 40)

CD34+ cells

Higher PD-L1 expression was correlated with higher risk IPSS category

Tcvetkovet al. [67]

BM (n = 57)

CD34+ cells

Higher PD-L1 expression was mostly seen during maturation of myeloid blasts into granulocytes

Yang et al. [68]

BM (n = 69)

CD34+ cells

Higher PD-L1 expression was correlated with disease subtypes (MDS 2008 WHO classification) and a trend towards worse survival

Montes et al. [69]

PB (n = 69)

CD34+ cells

Higher PD-L1 expression was seen in MDS rather than sAML

Moskorz et al. [70]

BM (n = 7)

CD34+ cells

Higher PD-L1 expression was seen in CD38+ subset compared to CD38 subset

Sallman et al. [80]

BM (n = 107)

CD34+ cells

PD-L1 expression on HSCs was not correlated with blast percentage in BM, disease progression or IPSS-R risk categories

PD-1

Cheng et al. [62]

BM(n = 10)

CD4+ /CD8+ T cells; CD34+ HSPCs; CD71+ erythroid progenitors

NA

Yang et al. [68]

PB (n = 24)

PBMNCs

Higher PD-1 expression was correlated with older age

Meng et al. [30]

PB(n = 26)

CD4+ /CD8+ T cells

Higher PD-1 expression was correlated with higher risk IPSS category

Coats et al. [26]

PB (n = 26)

CD4+ effector memory cells; CD4+ memory cells; CD4+ TNF-α secreting cells; CD4+ /CD8+ naive T cells; Tregs

PD-1 expression was not correlated with disease stages

Tcvetkov et al. [67]

BM (n = 57)

CD4+ /CD8+ T cells

NA

AML

PD-L1

Brodská, et al. [71]

PB(n = 36)

CD45dimSSC gating blasts

Higher PD-L1 expression was correlated with poor OS in patients with concomitant FLT3-ITD and NPM1 mutations

Tamura et al. [72]

BM (n = 36)

CD34+ cells

NA

Dong et al. [66]

BM (n = 65)

CD45dimSSC gating blasts

NA

Zhang et al. [73]

BM (n = 79)

CD34+ cells

Higher PD-L1 expression was observed in AML-M5 according to FAB classification, and correlated with a higher relapse rate

Berthon et al. [63]

BM (n = 79)

CD34+ cells

Levels of PD-1 expression was not correlated with NPM1 or FLT3 mutations in newly diagnosed patients;

Krönig et al. [74]

BM (n = 154)

CD34+ cells

Levels of PD-L1 expression was not correlated with blasts load

Williams et al. [75]

BM (n = 107)

CD34+ cells

Higher PD-L1 expression were observed in patients harboring TP53‐mutation and complex cytogenetics

Wu et al. [76]

PB (n = 22)

Vδ2 T cells

NA

PD-1

Wan et al. [25]

PB (n = 45)

Tregs

NA

Tang et al. [77]

PB (n = 50)

CD4+ /CD8+ /γδ T cells

Higher PD-1 expression on CD8+ T cells was correlated with poor OS and EFS

Dong et al. [66]

BM (n = 65)

Tregs

Higher PD-1 expression on Tregs was correlated with poor OS and DFS, and suggested a trend of higher frequencies PD-L1+ blasts in BM

Daver et al. [78]

BM(n = 74)

CD4+ /CD8+ / Tregs

NA

Williams et al. [75]

BM (n = 107)

CD4+ /CD8+

NA

Schnorfeil et al. [79]

PB (n = 37); BM (n = 44)

CD4+ /CD8+ T cells

Levels of PD-1 expression was not correlated with CMV serostatus

Tan et al. [23]

PB (n = 30); BM (n = 15)

CD3+ /CD8+

NA

  1. BM bone marrow, EFS event-free survival, ITD internal tandem duplications, PBMNCs peripheral blood mononuclear cells, MDSCs myeloid-derived suppressor cells, NA not applicable, NPM1 nucleophosmin, sAML secondary acute myeloid leukemia, Tregs regulatory T cells