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Fig. 3 | Experimental Hematology & Oncology

Fig. 3

From: Targeting PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia

Fig. 3

Immune microenvironment of the BM in HMA-failed MDS/AML patients. Following HMA therapy, a portion of MDS/AML blasts died, while other MDS/AML blasts survived and acquired HMA resistance, which can be further eradicated by PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors. The underlying mechanisms are as follows: â‘  following HMA therapy, PD-1 promoter methylation in CD8+ T cells is decreased, resulting in PD-1 upregulation; â‘¡ the activation of CD8+ T cells is suppressed by the binding of PD-1 expressed on CD8+ T cells and PD-L1 expressed on MDS/AML blasts; â‘¢ further administration with PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies prevents the interaction of these two molecules, alleviating the activation of CD8+ T cells, which induces apoptosis in the remaining MDS/AML blasts

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