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Table 1 Characteristics of the study population by MGUS risk at first pre-diagnostic blood draw

From: Progression patterns in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and multiple myeloma outcome: a cohort study in 42 patients

Characteristic

Low-risk MGUSa N (%)

Other MGUSb N (%)

P valuec

Total

12 (100)

30 (100)

Median years to myeloma diagnosis (range)

 First pre-diagnostic blood draw

13.5 (6.8–18.7)

11.1 (1.5–19.3)

0.15

 Second pre-diagnostic blood draw

4.2 (0.2–11.6)

3.0 (0.5–14.3)

0.20

 Median age at myeloma diagnosis in years (range)

61 (48–84)

62 (51–79)

0.52

Sex

 Female

7 (58)

26 (87)

0.09

 Male

5 (42)

4 (13)

Isotype

 IgG

12 (100)

15 (50)

 

 Non-IgG (IgA and IgD)

7 (23)

 

 Light-chain

8 (27)

 

International staging system (ISS) stage

 ISS 1

5 (42)

20 (67)

0.17

 ISS-2 or ISS-3

7 (58)

10 (33)

Disease status at myeloma diagnosis

 Multiple myeloma (MM)

10 (83)

17 (57)

0.16

 Smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM)

2 (17)

13 (43)

Bone disease at myeloma diagnosisd

 Presence of MM bone disease

8 (67)

9 (30)

0.04

 Absence of MM bone disease

4 (33)

21 (70)

Imaging at myeloma diagnosis

 Only conventional skeletal survey

7 (58)

20 (67)

0.73

 Additional imaging modalitiese

5 (42)

10 (33)

Performance status

 ECOG 0–1

11 (92)

26 (87)

1.00

 ECOG 2–3

1 (8)

4 (13)

Diagnosis calendar period

 1997–2003

4 (33)

9 (30)

 

 2004–2007

3 (25)

13 (43)

0.49

 2008–2012

5 (42)

8 (27)

 

 Median % clonal plasma cells (range)

30 (10–80)

21 (8–80)f

0.20

Hemoglobing

 Normal

3 (25)

16 (53)

0.17

 Below normal

9 (75)

14 (47)

Creatinineh

 Normal

7 (58)

23 (77)

0.27

 Above normal

5 (42)

7 (23)

Corrected calcium

 Normal (2.15–2.50 mmol/L)

11 (92)

22 (73)

0.25

 Above normal (> 2.50 mmol/L)

1 (8)

8 (27)

Beta-2-microglobulin

 Normal (0.7–1.9 mg/L)

2 (17)

4 (13)

1.00

 Above normal (> 1.9 mg/L)

10 (83)

26 (87)

Lactate dehydrogenasei

 Normal

9 (75)

21 (70)

1.00

 Above normal

3 (25)

9 (30)

  1. aDefined by IgG M spike < 15 g/L and normal free light-chain ratio at first pre-diagnostic blood draw
  2. bLow-intermediate-risk (N = 11), high-intermediate-risk (N = 10), high-risk (N = 1), or light-chain (N = 8) MGUS at first blood draw
  3. cFisher’s exact test was used to compare categorical variables and the Mann–Whitney U test was used for continuous variables
  4. dDefined as osteolytic lesions and/or vertebral compression fractures due to the underlying multiple myeloma
  5. eAdditionally performed imaging modalities included computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging
  6. fOne patient with 8% clonal bone marrow plasma cells fulfilled myeloma criteria based on urine electrophoresis
  7. gNormal range in women 117–153 g/L; normal range in men 134–170 g/L
  8. hNormal range in women 45–90 µmol/L; normal range in men 60–105 µmol/L
  9. iNormal value in individuals 18–70 years < 3.4 µkat/L; normal value in individuals > 70 years < 4.2 µkat/L