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Fig. 1 | Experimental Hematology & Oncology

Fig. 1

From: Roles of tumor-associated macrophages in tumor progression: implications on therapeutic strategies

Fig. 1

Origin of TAMs and their interaction with the TME. TAMs are mainly derived from bone marrow monocytes or erythroid myeloid progenitor cells in the yolk sac or fetal liver. Bone marrow monocytes are recruited and differentiated into TAMs by chemokines or cytokines released from tumor cells or stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment, such as CCL2, CSF-1, VEGFA, etc. TAMs are stimulated by CCL2, IL-4, and IL-10, secreted by tumor cells, and Igs, IL-10, and IL-4/13, secreted by immune cells (B cells, Treg cells, Th cells). Moreover, they can be activated by hypoxia, tumor-derived HMGB-1, and factors released by TAMs themselves (IL-10, MIF, and CXCL12). TAMs tumor-associated macrophages, CCL2 C–C chemokine ligand 2, CSF-1 colony-stimulating factor-1, VEGFA vascular endothelial growth factor A, IL-4 interleukin-4, IL-10 interleukin-10, Treg cells regulatory T cells, Th cells helper T cells, MIF macrophage migration inhibitory factor, CXCL12 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12

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