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Fig. 1 | Experimental Hematology & Oncology

Fig. 1

From: Roles of the intestinal microbiota and microbial metabolites in acute GVHD

Fig. 1

Overview of intestinal microbiota and intestinal homeostasis. A In the healthy state, the intestinal barrier maintains its integrity and prevents translocation of luminal microbiota. The interaction between microbiota, immunity and intestinal barrier is in a steady state maintaining intestinal homeostasis. B During allo-HSCT, conditioning regimens (including irradiation, chemotherapy and antibiotics) damage the gastrointestinal tract and result in dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota. The destroy of the intestinal barrier integrity permits translocation of bacteria across the barrier. The recognition of DAMPs/MAMPs by antigen presenting cells (APCs) induces pro-inflammatory response including activation of T cells and cytokine storm to aggravate tissue damage and promote GVHD development. Th, T help cells; Treg, regulatory T cells; APC, antigen presenting cell

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