From: Platelet-driven coagulopathy in COVID-19 patients: in comparison to seasonal influenza cases
COVID-19 (n = 461) | Normal range | Non-ICU (n = 252) | ICU (n = 209)p1 | p1 value | ICU (n = 209) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Survivor (n = 119) | Non-survivor (n = 90)p2 | p2 value | |||||
Onset to hospitalization, day |  | 4.0 (3.0–5.0) | 4.0 (2.0–5.0) | 0.254 | 4.0 (3.0–5.0) | 3.5 (2.0–5.0) | 0.572 |
Age |  | 51.5 (39.0–63.0) | 67.0 (57.0–76.5) |  < 0.0001 | 63.0 (55.0–76.0) | 69.0 (58.8–78.3) | 0.043 |
Gender, male N (%) | Â | 122 (48.4%) | 128 (61.2%) | 0.006 | 76 (63.9%) | 52 (57.8%) | 0.371 |
Mortality, N (%) |  | 8 (3.2%) | 90 (43.1%) |  < 0.0001 | 0 (0) | 90 (100%) |  |
Comorbidity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Hypertension |  | 47 (18.7%) | 73 (34.9%) |  < 0.0001 | 32 (26.9%) | 41 (45.6%) | 0.005 |
Diabetes | Â | 27 (10.7%) | 44 (21.1%) | 0.002 | 25 (21.0%) | 19 (21.1%) | 0.986 |
Cardiovascular diseases |  | 8 (3.2%) | 45 (21.5%) |  < 0.0001 | 25 (21.0%) | 20 (22.2%) | 0.833 |
Bronchitis | Â | 17 (6.7%) | 17 (8.1%) | 0.570 | 6 (5.0%) | 11 (12.2%) | 0.060 |
Blood parameters | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
White blood cells, × 109/L | 3.5–9.5 | 6.1 (4.7–7.5) | 7.3 (5.0–11.9) |  < 0.0001 | 7.0 (4.9–10.1) | 8.6 (5.5–13.0) | 0.015 |
 > 9.5 |  | 24 (9.5%) | 74 (35.4%) |  < 0.0001 | 32 (26.9%) | 42 (46.7%) | 0.003 |
Neutrophils, × 109/L | 1.8–6.3 | 4.3 (2.9–5.9) | 6.0 (3.6–10.0) |  < 0.0001 | 5.1 (3.4–7.8) | 7.3 (4.2–13.0) | 0.001 |
 > 6.3 |  | 44 (17.5%) | 99 (47.4%) |  < 0.0001 | 46 (38.7%) | 53 (58.9%) | 0.004 |
Lymphocytes, × 109/L | 1.1–3.2 | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 0.8 (0.5–1.1) |  < 0.0001 | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) | 0.7 (0.4–1.0) | 0.010 |
 < 1.1 |  | 118 (46.8%) | 152 (72.7%) |  < 0.0001 | 78 (65.5%) | 74 (82.2%) | 0.007 |
Monocytes, × 109/L | 0.1–0.6 | 0.5 (0.3–0.6) | 0.4 (0.3–0.6) | 0.464 | 0.4 (0.3–0.6) | 0.4 (0.2–0.7) | 0.356 |
 > 0.6 |  | 61 (24.2%) | 60 (28.7%) | 0.274 | 34 (28.6%) | 26 (28.9%) | 0.960 |
Red blood cells, × 1012/L | 4.3–5.8 | 4.3 (3.9–4.6) | 3.5 (2.9–4.1) |  < 0.0001 | 3.5 (2.9–4.1) | 3.4 (2.9–4.2) | 0.547 |
 < 4.3 |  | 128 (50.8%) | 172 (82.3%) |  < 0.0001 | 102 (85.7%) | 70 (77.8%) | 0.137 |
Hemoglobin, g/L | 130–175 | 128.0 (115.3–140.0) | 107.0 (86.0–124.5) |  < 0.0001 | 108.0 (88.0–125.0) | 106.0 (83.8–124.5) | 0.941 |
 < 130 |  | 134 (53.2%) | 165 (78.9%) |  < 0.0001 | 94 (79.0%) | 71 (78.9%) | 0.986 |
Hematocrit, % | 40–50 | 37.8 (34.6–40.9) | 32.2 (26.7–37.2) |  < 0.0001 | 32.5 (26.5–37.2) | 31.9 (26.8–37.1) | 0.915 |
 < 40 |  | 168 (66.7%) | 178 (85.2%) |  < 0.0001 | 103 (86.6%) | 75 (83.3%) | 0.517 |
Platelet, × 109/L | 125–350 | 201.0 (152.0–260.0) | 173.0 (106.5–269.5) | 0.002 | 197.0 (140.0–276.0) | 137.5 (84.8–211.3) | 0.001 |
 < 125 |  | 27 (10.7%) | 67 (32.1%) |  < 0.0001 | 25 (21.0%) | 42 (46.7%) |  < 0.0001 |
Mean platelet volume, fL | 7.4–12.5 | 10.5 (9.7–11.2) | 10.9 (10.3–12.1) |  < 0.0001 | 10.7 (10.2–11.5) | 11.4 (10.4–12.7) | 0.004 |
 > 12.5 |  | 7 (2.8%) | 40 (19.1%) |  < 0.0001 | 16 (13.4%) | 24 (26.7%) | 0.016 |
Coagulation factors | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Prothrombin time, s | 9–13 | 13.4 (12.6–14.0) | 13.2 (12.0–15.0) | 0.712 | 12.7 (11.7–13.9) | 14.2 (12.5–16.6) |  < 0.0001 |
 > 13 |  | 157 (62.3%) | 111 (53.1%) | 0.046 | 50 (42.0%) | 61 (67.8%) |  < 0.001 |
INR | 0.8–1.2 | 1.1 (1.0–1.1) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | 0.003 | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 1.1 (1.0–1.5) | 0.005 |
 > 1.2 |  | 25 (9.9%) | 63 (30.1%) |  < 0.0001 | 27 (22.7%) | 36 (40.0%) | 0.007 |
aPTT, s | 23.3–32.5 | 30.1 (28.1–31.5) | 31.4 (28.1–36.2) | 0.0001 | 30.7 (28.0–35.3) | 31.7 (28.6–37.7) | 0.224 |
 > 32.5 |  | 31 (12.3%) | 88 (42.1%) |  < 0.0001 | 48 (40.3%) | 40 (44.4%) | 0.551 |
Thrombin time, s | 14–21 | 15.9 (15.0–17.0) | 17.3 (16.1–18.5) |  < 0.0001 | 17.1 (16.3–18.2) | 17.5 (16.0–19.0) | 0.362 |
 > 21 |  | 0 (0) | 19 (9.1%) |  < 0.0001 | 8 (6.7%) | 11 (12.2%) | 0.171 |
Fibrinogen, g/L | 2–4 | 3.5 (2.6–4.3) | 4.2 (3.4–5.5) |  < 0.0001 | 4.2 (3.4–5.4) | 4.3 (3.3–5.5) | 0.831 |
 > 4 |  | 85 (33.7%) | 122 (58.4%) |  < 0.0001 | 70 (58.8%) | 51 (56.7%) | 0.755 |
D-dimer, mg/L |  < 0.55 | 0.6 (0.2–1.2) | 3.2 (1.0–6.2) |  < 0.0001 | 2.2 (0.8–5.2) | 3.7 (1.4–7.3) | 0.010 |
 > 0.55 |  | 134 (53.2%) | 179 (85.6%) |  < 0.0001 | 99 (83.2%) | 80 (88.9%) | 0.245 |