Fig. 3

The venetoclax and ATO combination preferentially induces apoptosis of primary LSCs from AML patients while sparing healthy donor HSCs. a, b, Representative flow cytometric analysis (a) and summary data (b) of the percentage of Annexin V⁺7-AAD⁺ apoptotic cells after gating for CD34⁺CD38⁻ primary AML cells in the BMMCs of AML patients at diagnosis after treatment with venetoclax (100 nM), ATO (3 µM), or both in combination for 48 h in total mononuclear cells (b, far left), gated CD34⁺ cells (b, middle), or CD34⁺CD38⁻ cells (b, far right). Values were obtained from two independent experiments of n = 4 patients, and horizontal bars indicate mean ± s.d. *P values versus control treatment by two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test. n.s., not significant. c, d, Representative flow cytometric analysis (c) and summary data (d) of the percentage of Annexin V⁺7-AAD⁺ apoptotic cells after gating for CD34⁺CD38⁻ cells in the BMMCs of healthy donors following treatment with venetoclax (100 nM), ATO (3 µM), or both in combination for 48 h in total mononuclear cells (d, far left), gated CD34⁺ cells (d, middle), or CD34⁺CD38⁻ cells (d, far right). Values were obtained from two independent experiments of n = 4 healthy donors, and horizontal bars indicate mean ± s.d. *P values versus control treatment by two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test. n.s., not significant