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Table 1 Predictive biomarkers of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in NSCLC

From: Predictive biomarkers of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in NSCLC

 

Biomarkers

The predictive effect of biomarkers

Reference

Tumor feature

PD-L1 expression level

15.4 months, 95%CI: 10.6–18.8 months

(median OS)

53%, 95%CI: 30–75%

(DCB)

HR: 0.63, 95%CI: 0.47–0.86

(OS)

[22,23,24]

TMB

tTMB

29 vs. 6%

(ORR)

HR: 0.62, 95%CI: 0.38–1.00

(PFS)

HR: 0.58, 97.5%CI: 0.41–0.81

(PFS)

bTMB

HR: 0.39, 95%CI: 0.18–0.84

(PFS)

[28, 30,31,32]

Neoantigens

HR: 0.23, 95%CI: 0.09–0.58

(median PFS)

92 vs. 11%

(DCB)

[34, 42]

Driver gene mutations

KRAS

OR: 1.51; 95%CI: 1.17–1.96

(ORR)

TP53

HR: 0.32, 95%CI: 0.16–0.63

(PFS)

EGFR

5.3 months, 95%CI: 1.3–12.4 months

(median PFS)

ALK

0.6 months, 95% CI: 0.2–2.1 months

(PFS)

MET

17%, 95%CI: 6%-36%

(ORR)

NFE2L2/KEAP1

22.52 months vs. 12.89 months

(median OS)

[46, 47, 51, 53, 55, 61]

miRNA

HR: 0.45, 95%CI: 0.25–0.76

(median PFS)

HR: 0.39, 95%CI: 0.15–0.68

(median OS)

[71]

Tumor microenvironment

TIL

HR: 0.954, 95%CI: 0.965–0.983

(DFS)

HR: 0.965, 95%CI: 0.931–1.001

(OS)

[78]

Biomarkers in peripheral blood

CAMLs

HR: 2.5, 95%CI: 1.1–5.8

(PFS)

HR: 3.5, 95%CI: 1.3–9.6

(OS)

[109]

CTECs

5 months, 95%CI: 3.9–6.1 months

(median PFS)

[116]

Other peripheral blood cells

NLR

HR: 1.44, 95%CI: 1.26–1.65

(median PFS)

HR: 2.86, 95%CI: 2.11–3.87

(median OS)

[119]

Other

Gut microbiota

HR: 4.2, 95%CI: 1.42–12.3

(PFS)

[130]

Patients clinical characteristics

Gender

male: HR: 0.76, 95%CI: 0.64–0.91

female: HR: 0.44, 95%CI: 0.25–0.76

(OS)

Smoking

36 vs. 26 vs. 14%

(current smokers vs. former smokers vs. non-smokers)

PIOS

HR: 0.469, 95%CI: 0.295–0.747

(median PFS)

HR: 0.539, 95%CI: 0.317–0.918

(median OS)

[141, 142, 144]

  1. PD-L1 programmed cell death ligand 1, CI confidence interval, OS overall survival, DCB durable clinical benefit, TMB tumor mutational burden, ORR objective response rate, HR hazard ratio, PFS progression-free survival, KRAS kirsten rat sarcoma 2 viral oncogene homolog, OR odds ratio, TP53 tumor protein p53, EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor, ALK anaplastic lymphoma kinase, MET mesenchymal epithelial transition, KEAP1 kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, NFE2L2 nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2, TIL tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte, DFS disease-free survival, CAMLs circulating cancer-associated macrophage-like cells, CTECs circulating tumor endothelial cells, NLR neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, PIOS patras immunotherapy score