Fig. 2

The mechanism by which some representative miRNA mediates EMT to affect chemotherapy resistance. MiRNA can regulate the EMT process by directly targeting the key proteins (E-cadherin and Vimentin) of EMT, modulating the expression of EMT-TFs (Snail, ZEB, and Twist), and influencing the EMT-associated signal pathways like Wnt, PTEN, TGF-β, and Ras signal. Furthermore, miRNA can be transferred by exosomes, which plays a key role in the EMT process. Cancer cells undergoing the EMT program exhibit the chemoresistant phenotype. In addition, the generation of chemoresistant CSC is partially attributed to the EMT