Table 1 26 candidate vaccines in clinical evaluation
| Platform | Type of candidate vaccine | Developer | Coronavirus target | Current stage of clinical evaluation/regulatory status coronavirus candidate | Estimated enrollment | Same platform for non-Coronavirus candidates | Trial start date | Estimated completion date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DNA | DNA plasmid vaccine with electroporation | Inovio Pharmaceuticals | INO-4800, Spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 |
Phase 1/2 NCT04447781 NCT04336410 |
160 120 | multiple candidates |
June 22, 2020 April 3, 2020 |
February 22, 2022 July 2021 |
| DNA | DNA plasmid vaccine + Adjuvant | Osaka University/ AnGes/ Takara Bio | DNA vaccine (AG0301-COVID19) | Phase 1/2 NCT04463472 | 30 | June 29, 2020 | July 31, 2021 | |
| DNA | DNA plasmid vaccine | Cadila Healthcare Limited | DNA COVID-19 | Phase 1/2 CTRI/2020/07/026352 | 1048 | July 1, 2020 | N/A | |
| DNA | DNA Vaccine (GX-19) | Genexine Consortium | DNA COVID-19 | Phase 1 NCT04445389 | 210 | June 17, 2020 | June 17, 2022 | |
| Inactivated | Inactivated + alum | Sinovac | Inactivated COVID-19 virus |
Phase 3 NCT04456595 Phase 1/2 NCT04383574 NCT04352608 |
8870 422 744 | SARS |
July 2020 May 20, 2020 April 16, 2020 |
October 2021 July 20, 2020 December 13, 2020 |
| Inactivated | Inactivated | Wuhan institute of Biological Products/Sinopharm | Inactivated COVID-19 virus | Phase 1/2 ChiCTR2000031809 | 1456 | April 11, 2020 | November 10, 2021 | |
| Inactivated | Inactivated | Beijing Institute of Biological Products/Sinopharm | Inactivated COVID-19 virus | Phase 1/2 ChiCTR2000032459 | 1456 | April 28, 2020 | November 28, 2021 | |
| Inactivated | Whole-Virion Inactivated | Bharat Biotech | Inactivated COVID-19 virus | Phase 1/2 CTRI/2020/07/026300 | 1125 | |||
| Inactivated | Inactivated | Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences | Inactivated COVID-19 | Phase 1 NCT04412538 | 942 | May 15, 2020 | September, 2021 | |
| NonReplicating Viral Vector | ChAdOx1 | University of Oxford/AstraZeneca/Serum Institute of India | Recombinant COVID-19 (chimpanzee adenovirus vector ChAdOx1) |
Phase 3 ISRCTN89951424 Phase2b/3 EUCTR2020-001228–32-GB Phase 1/2 PACTR2020069221 |
2000 12,330 2000 | MERS, influenza, TB, Chikungunya, Zika, MenB, plague | May 01, 2020 June 24, 2020 | July 31, 2021 December 30, 2021 |
| NonReplicating Viral Vector | Adenovirus Type 5 Vector | CanSino Biological Inc./Beijing Institute of Biotechnology | Recombinant COVID-19 (Adenovirus Vector) |
Phase 2 ChiCTR2000031781 Phase 1 ChiCTR2000030906 |
500 108 | Ebola |
April 12, 2020 March 16, 2020 |
January 31, 2021 December 31, 2020 |
| NonReplicating Viral Vector | Adeno-based | Gamaleya Research Institute | Recombinant COVID-19 adenovirus vector |
Phase 1 NCT04436471 NCT04437875 |
38 38 | June 17, 2020 | August 15, 2020 | |
| Protein | Recombinant Novel Coronavirus Vaccine (Adenovirus Vector) | Hubei Provincial CDC | Recombinant COVID-19 (Adenovirus Vector) | Phase II NCT04341389 | 508 | April 12, 2020 | January 31, 2021 | |
| Protein | Adenovirus Type 5 Vector | Hubei Provincial CDC | Recombinant COVID-19 (Adenovirus Type 5 Vector) | Phase I NCT04313127 | 108 | March 15, 2020 | December 30, 2020 | |
| Protein Subunit | Full length recombinant SARs CoV-2 glycoprotein nanoparticle vaccine adjuvanted with Matrix M | Novavax | SARS-CoV-2 rS (COVID-19) nanoparticle | Phase 1/2 NCT04368988 | 131 | RSV; CCHF, HPV, VZV, EBOV | May 25, 2020 | July 31, 2021 |
| Protein Subunit | Native like Trimeric subunit Spike Protein vaccine | Clover Biopharmaceuticals Inc./GSK/Dynavax | Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 trimeric s protein subunit vaccine for COVID-19 | Phase 1 NCT04405908 | 150 | HIV, REV Influenza | June 19, 2020 | March 30, 2021 |
| Protein Subunit | Adjuvanted recombinant protein (RBDDimer) | Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical/ Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences | Adjuvanted recombinant protein (RBDDimer) (CHO Cells) | Phase 1 NCT04445194 | 50 | MERS | June 22, 2020 | September 20, 2021 |
| Protein Subunit | Recombinant spike protein with Advax™ adjuvant | Vaxine Pty Ltd/Medytox | Recombinant spike protein | Phase 1 NCT04453852 | 40 | June 30, 2020 | July 1, 2021 | |
| Protein Subunit | Molecular clamp stabilized Spike protein | University of Queensland/GSK/Dynavax | Molecular clamp stabilized Spike protein | Phase 1 ACTRN12620000674932p | 120 | Nipah, influenza, Ebola, Lassa | ||
| RNA | LNP-encapsulated mRNA | Moderna NIAID | mRNA-1273 COVID-19 |
Phase 2 NCT04405076 Phase 1 NCT04283461 |
600 120 | multiple candidates | May 29, 2020 March 16, 2020 |
August, 2021 November 22, 2021 |
| RNA | 3 LNP-mRNAs | biotech/Fosum Pharma/Pfizer | RNA COVID-19 | Phase ½ EUCTR2020-001038–36-DE NCT04368728 |
444 32,000 |
April 20, 2020 April 29, 2020 | January 23, 2023 | |
| RNA | LNP-nCoVsaRNA | Imperial College London | LNP-nCoVsaRNA | Phase 1 ISRCTN17072692 | 320 | EBOV; LASV, MARV, Inf (H7N9), RABV | April, 2020 | July, 2021 |
| RNA | mRNA | Curevac | mRNA Vaccine CVnCoV | Phase 1 NCT04449276 | 168 | RABV, LASV, YFV; MERS, InfA, ZIKV, DENV, NIPV | June 18, 2020 | August, 2021 |
| RNA | mRNA | People's Liberation Army (PLA) Academy of Military Sciences/Walvax Biotech | mRNA COVID-19 | Phase 1 ChiCTR2000034112 | 168 | June 25, 2020 | December 31, 2021 | |
| RNA | mRNA | Jiangsu Provincial CDC | SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine (BNT162b1) | Phase I ChiCTR2000034825 | 144 | July 20, 2020 | December 31, 2020 | |
| VLP | Plant-derived VLP adjuvanted with GSK or Dynavax adjs | Medicago Inc | Coronavirus-like particle COVID-19 | Phase 1 NCT04450004 | 180 | Flu, Rotavirus, Norovirus, West Nile virus, Cancer | July 10, 2020 | April 30, 2021 |