Table 4 Univariate and multivariate analysis of risk factors for COVID-19-related mortality in patients with very severe COVID-19
From: Risk factors and outcome of COVID-19 in patients with hematological malignancies
| Variables | Log. Regr. COVID-19 Mortality in patients with COVID-19 > stage IIA (n = 216) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||
| OR (95% CI) % (95%CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | |
| Patient age > 70 years old | 2.5 (1.4–4.3) | 0.001 | 2.54 (1.2–5.2) | 0.011 |
| Patient age | ns | |||
| 0–20 | 1 | |||
| 21–70 | 0.15 (0.017–1.4) | 0.11 | ||
| > 70 | 0.45 (0.04–3.9) | 0.4 | ||
| Sex male | 1.2 (0.43–1.3) | 0.3 | ||
| Baseline disease | ns | |||
| AML | 1 | |||
| ALL | 0.5 (0.13–1.9) | 0.31 | ||
| MDS | 0.48 (0.11–1.4) | 0.15 | ||
| CMPD | 0.25 (0.08–0.76) | 0.014 | ||
| NHL | 0.3 (0.12–0.73) | 0.008 | ||
| CLL | 0.11 (0.03–0.41) | 0.001 | ||
| Plasmatic cell disorder | 0.5 (0.2–1.3) | 0.18 | ||
| AA or auto-immune disorders | 0.09 (0.09–0.89) | 0.04 | ||
| Disease status | ||||
| CR/PR/not requiring therapy | 1 | |||
| Rel/Ref/Prog | 4.3 (2.388–7.8) | < 0.0001 | 3.5 (1.6–7.5) | 0.001 |
| Procedure | ||||
| Allo-SCT | 1 | |||
| ASCT | 1.08 (0.38–3) | 0.8 | ||
| Non-SCT | 1.58 (0.74–3.3) | 0.23 | ||
| Chemotherapy 40 days before COVID-19 | 1.56 (0.9–2.7) | 0.11 | ||
| Disease Dx within 40 days of COVID-19 | 3.5 (1.56–7.8) | 0.002 | ns | |
| ECOG 3–4 | 3.1 (1.7–5.76) | < 0.0001 | ns | |
| Active smoking | 0.88 (0.37–2.1) | 0.8 | ||
| Arterial hypertension | 1.97 (1.14–.4) | 0.014 | 2 (1.3–3.2) | 0.002 |
| Cardiomyopathy | 1.21 (0.6–2.36) | 0.56 | ||
| Dyslipidemia | 1.4 (0.8.–2.6) | 0.2 | ||
| ALC < 0.5 × 109/L | 1.7 (1–3) | 0.05 | ns | |
| ANC < 0.5 × 109/L | 3.7 (1.58–8.7) | 0.002 | ns | |
| Specific therapy | ||||
| HCQ | 0.64 (0.37–1.1) | 0.1 | ns | |
| AZT | 0.49 (0.28–0.84) | 0.01 | 0.42 (0.2–0.89) | 0.02 |
| HCQ +AZT | 0.6 (0.3–1.2) | 0.14 | ||
| lop/rit | 0.7 (0.4–1.2) | 0.2 | ||
| Remdesivir | 0.18 (0.02–1.6) | 0.12 | ||
| Corticosteroid therapy | 0.54 (0.31–0.93) | 0.028 | ns | |
| Corticosteroid doses | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | ||
| ≤0.5 mg/kg/dayb | 0.44 (0.23–0.83) | 0.014 | 0.31 (0.11–0.87) | 0.02 |
| >0.5 mg/kg/dayb | 0.54 (0.27–1.06) | 0.075 | 0.75 (0.34–1.6) | 0.4 |
| Cytokine inhibitors | 0.6 (0.34–1.1) | 0.16 | ||
| Tocilizumab | 0.54 (0.28–1.05) | 0.073 | ns | |
| Platelet count (× 109/L) | ||||
| ≤ 20 × 109/L | 6.4 (2–19) | 0.001 | 5.66 (1.44–22) | 0.013 |
| 21–50 × 109/L | 4.1 (1.7–9.7) | 0.001 | 3.3 (1.2–9.2) | 0.021 |
| > 50 × 109/L | 1 | 1 | ||
| CRP > 20 mg/dL | 2.1 (1.08–4.1) | 0.027 | 2.7 (1.1–6.5) | 0.029 |
| IL-6 > 50 pg/mLa | 1.8 (0.69–4.7) | 0.2 | NT | |
| Ferritin levelsa | NT | |||
| <500 µg/mL | 1 | |||
| 501–1000 µg/mL | 0.9 (0.2–4.3) | 0.9 | ||
| >1001 µg/mL | 2.2 (0.72–7) | 0.15 | ||
| D dimer > 500 ng/mLa | 1.39 (0.76–2.6) | 0.2 | NT | |