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Table 4 Univariate and multivariate analysis of risk factors for COVID-19-related mortality in patients with very severe COVID-19

From: Risk factors and outcome of COVID-19 in patients with hematological malignancies

Variables

Log. Regr. COVID-19 Mortality in patients with COVID-19 > stage IIA (n = 216)

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

OR (95% CI) % (95%CI)

p

OR (95% CI)

p

Patient age > 70 years old

2.5 (1.4–4.3)

0.001

2.54 (1.2–5.2)

0.011

Patient age

  

ns

 

 0–20

1

   

 21–70

0.15 (0.017–1.4)

0.11

  

 > 70

0.45 (0.04–3.9)

0.4

  

Sex male

1.2 (0.43–1.3)

0.3

  

Baseline disease

  

ns

 

 AML

1

   

 ALL

0.5 (0.13–1.9)

0.31

  

 MDS

0.48 (0.11–1.4)

0.15

  

 CMPD

0.25 (0.08–0.76)

0.014

  

 NHL

0.3 (0.12–0.73)

0.008

  

 CLL

0.11 (0.03–0.41)

0.001

  

 Plasmatic cell disorder

0.5 (0.2–1.3)

0.18

  

 AA or auto-immune disorders

0.09 (0.09–0.89)

0.04

  

Disease status

 CR/PR/not requiring therapy

1

   

 Rel/Ref/Prog

4.3 (2.388–7.8)

< 0.0001

3.5 (1.6–7.5)

0.001

Procedure

 Allo-SCT

1

   

 ASCT

1.08 (0.38–3)

0.8

  

 Non-SCT

1.58 (0.74–3.3)

0.23

  

Chemotherapy 40 days before COVID-19

1.56 (0.9–2.7)

0.11

  

Disease Dx within 40 days of COVID-19

3.5 (1.56–7.8)

0.002

ns

 

ECOG 3–4

3.1 (1.7–5.76)

< 0.0001

ns

 

Active smoking

0.88 (0.37–2.1)

0.8

  

Arterial hypertension

1.97 (1.14–.4)

0.014

2 (1.3–3.2)

0.002

Cardiomyopathy

1.21 (0.6–2.36)

0.56

  

Dyslipidemia

1.4 (0.8.–2.6)

0.2

  

ALC < 0.5 × 109/L

1.7 (1–3)

0.05

ns

 

ANC < 0.5 × 109/L

3.7 (1.58–8.7)

0.002

ns

 

Specific therapy

 HCQ

0.64 (0.37–1.1)

0.1

ns

 

 AZT

0.49 (0.28–0.84)

0.01

0.42 (0.2–0.89)

0.02

 HCQ +AZT

0.6 (0.3–1.2)

0.14

  

 lop/rit

0.7 (0.4–1.2)

0.2

  

 Remdesivir

0.18 (0.02–1.6)

0.12

  

Corticosteroid therapy

0.54 (0.31–0.93)

0.028

ns

 

Corticosteroid doses

 No

1

 

1

 

 ≤0.5 mg/kg/dayb

0.44 (0.23–0.83)

0.014

0.31 (0.11–0.87)

0.02

 >0.5 mg/kg/dayb

0.54 (0.27–1.06)

0.075

0.75 (0.34–1.6)

0.4

Cytokine inhibitors

0.6 (0.34–1.1)

0.16

  

Tocilizumab

0.54 (0.28–1.05)

0.073

ns

 

Platelet count (× 109/L)

 ≤ 20 × 109/L

6.4 (2–19)

0.001

5.66 (1.44–22)

0.013

 21–50 × 109/L

4.1 (1.7–9.7)

0.001

3.3 (1.2–9.2)

0.021

 > 50 × 109/L

1

 

1

 

CRP > 20 mg/dL

2.1 (1.08–4.1)

0.027

2.7 (1.1–6.5)

0.029

IL-6 > 50 pg/mLa

1.8 (0.69–4.7)

0.2

NT

 

Ferritin levelsa

  

NT

 

 <500 µg/mL

1

   

 501–1000 µg/mL

0.9 (0.2–4.3)

0.9

  

 >1001 µg/mL

2.2 (0.72–7)

0.15

  

 D dimer > 500 ng/mLa

1.39 (0.76–2.6)

0.2

NT

 
  1. SCT: stem cell transplantation; ASCT: autologous stem cell transplantation; allo-SCT: allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; AML: acute myeloid leukemia; ALL: acute lymphoblastic leukemia; MDS; myelodysplastic syndrome; cMPD: chronic myeloproliferative disease; NHL: non-Hodgkin lymphoma; CLL: chronic lymphocytic leukemia; AA: aplastic anemia; CR: complete remission; PR: partial remission; Rel: relapse; Ref: refractory; Prog: progression; Dx: diagnostic; ANC: absolute neutrophil count; ALC: absolute lymphocyte count; HCQ: hydroxi-cloroquine; AZT: azithromycin; lop/rit: lopinavir/ritonavir; CRP: C-reactive protein; IL: interleukin; ns: not significant; NT: not tested
  2. aThese variables were not included in the multivariate analyses due to the low number of patients with complete data
  3. bRefers to dose of IV methylprednisolone or an equivalent dose of another corticosteroid