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Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analysis of risk factors for stage IIB COVID-19 and COVID-19-related mortality

From: Risk factors and outcome of COVID-19 in patients with hematological malignancies

Variables Log. Regr. COVID-19 Stage II Ba (n = 367) Log. Regr. COVID-19 Mortality (n = 367)
Univariate analysis Multivariate analysis Univariate analysis Multivariate analysis
OR (95% CI) p OR (95% CI) p OR (95% CI) p R (95% CI) p value
Patient age > 70 years old 2.25 (1.45–3.5) < 0.0001 ns   3.1 (1.9–5) < 0.0001 2.1 (1.2–3.8) 0.011
Patient age    ns     ns  
 0–20 1     1    
 21–70 5.6 (1.2–25) 0.02    0.7 (0.22–2.3) 0.59   
 >70 11.5 (2.5–52) 0.002    2.3 (0.7–7.5) 0.16   
Sex male 1.41 (0.93–2.1) 0.09 ns   0.95 (0.6–1.5) 0.8   
Baseline disease    ns     ns  
 AML 1     1    
 ALL 0.8 (0.3–2) 0.68    0.6 (0.22–1.67) 0.3   
 MDS 1.3 (0.5–3.4) 0.5    0.69 (0.25–1.9) 0.47   
 CMPD 2.7 (1.1–6.8) 0.032    0.6 (0.23–1.5) 0.3   
 NHL 1.37 (0.7–2.6) 0.3    0.63 (0.3–1.2) 0.3   
 CLL 2.9 (1.12–7.6) 0.03    0.7 (0.35–1.06) 0.06   
 Plasmatic cell disorder 0.98 (0.5–1.8) 0.9    0.7 (0.35–1.4) 0.3   
 AA or auto-immune disorders 0.3 (0.09–1.1) 0.07    0.08 (0.01–0.69) 0.02   
Disease status    ns      
 CR/PR/not requiring therapy 1     1    
 Rel/Ref/Prog 1.49 (0.96–2.3) 0.076    3.78 (2.3–6) < 0.0001 2.9 (1.6–5.2) < 0.0001
Procedure    ns     ns  
 Allo-SCT 1     1    
 ASCT 0.75 (0.37–1.5) 0.4    1.04 (0.43–2.5) 0.9   
 Non-SCT 1.57 (0.92–2.6) 0.09    1.95 (1.03–3.7) 0.048 ns  
Chemotherapy 40 days before COVID-19 1.18 (0.7–1.8) 0.4 ns   1.76 (1.1–2.79) 0.016 ns  
Disease Dx within 40 days of COVID-19 1.1 (0.6–1.9) 0.7 ns   2.2 (1.24–3.9) 0.007 ns  
ECOG 3–4 1.8 (1.14–2.98) 0.012 ns   3.7 (2.2–6.1) < 0.0001 2.56 (1.4–4.7) 0.003
Active smoking 1.88 (0.89–3.9) 0.094 ns   1.3 (0.6–2.79) 0.4   
Arterial hypertension 2.26 (1.4–3.49) < 0.0001 2 (1.3–3.2) 0.002 2.6 (1.6–4.16) < 0.0001 ns  
Cardiomyopathy 1.98 (1.1–3.4) 0.015 ns   1.6 (0.9–2.88) 0.089 ns  
Dyslipidemia 1.6 (1–2.59) 0.049 ns   1.86 (1.1–3) 0.015 ns  
Place of SARS-CoV-2 infection    ns      
 Outpatient 1     1    
 Inpatient in specialized hospital 1.1 (0.6–1.8) 0.69    1.05 (0.3–3.6) 0.9   
ALC < 0.5 × 109/L 1.7 (1.1–2.68) 0.014 1.7 (1.1–2.7) 0.015 2.25 (1.6–3.6) 0.001 ns  
ANC < 0.5 × 109/L 1.4 (0.7–2.7) 0.27 ns   3.4 (1.8–6.67) < 0.0001 2.8 (1.3–6.1) 0.01
Platelet count (× 109/L)        ns  
 < 20 × 109/L 1.7 (0.8–3.66) 0.16    4.44 (2.1–9.4) < 0.0001   
 21–50 × 109/L 1.18 (0.6–2.26) 0.6    3.6 (1.8–7.05) < 0.0001   
 > 50 × 109/L 1     1    
CRP > 20 mg/dL 3.1 (1.9–4.9) < 0.0001 2.67 (1.6–4.3) < 0.0001 4 (2.2–7.18) < 0.0001 3.3 (1.7–6.4) < 0.0001
IL-6 > 50 pg/mLb 3.2 (1.38–7.35) 0.007 NT   2.7 (1.1–6.59) 0.028 NT  
Ferritin levelsb    NT     NT  
 <500 µg/mL 1     1    
 501–1000 µg/mL 1.18 (0.4–3.2)     1 (0.24–4.1) 0.99   
 >1001 µg/mL 2.4 (1.1–5.35) 0.03    2.8 (1–7.9) 0.05   
D dimer > 500 ng/mLb 1.6 (1.02–2.6) 0.04 NT   1.34 (0.8–2.3) 0.2 NT  
  1. SCT: stem cell transplantation; ASCT: autologous stem cell transplantation; allo-SCT: allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; AML: acute myeloid leukemia; ALL: acute lymphoblastic leukemia; MDS: myelodysplastic syndrome; cMPD: chronic myeloproliferative disease; NHL: non-Hodgkin lymphoma; CLL: chronic lymphocytic leukemia; AA: aplastic anemia; CR: complete remission; PR: partial remission; Rel: relapse; Ref: refractory; Prog: progression; Dx: diagnostic; ANC: absolute neutrophil count; ALC: absolute lymphocyte count; CRP: C-reactive protein; IL: interleukin; ns: not significant; NT: not tested
  2. aStage IIB refers to severe disease, with pulmonary involvement and acute respiratory failure, as suggested in Siddiqi et al. [15]
  3. bThese variables were not included in the multivariate analyses due to the low number of patients with complete data
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Experimental Hematology & Oncology

ISSN: 2162-3619

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