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Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analysis of risk factors for stage IIB COVID-19 and COVID-19-related mortality

From: Risk factors and outcome of COVID-19 in patients with hematological malignancies

Variables

Log. Regr. COVID-19 Stage II Ba (n = 367)

Log. Regr. COVID-19 Mortality (n = 367)

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

OR (95% CI)

p

OR (95% CI)

p

OR (95% CI)

p

R (95% CI)

p value

Patient age > 70 years old

2.25 (1.45–3.5)

< 0.0001

ns

 

3.1 (1.9–5)

< 0.0001

2.1 (1.2–3.8)

0.011

Patient age

  

ns

   

ns

 

 0–20

1

   

1

   

 21–70

5.6 (1.2–25)

0.02

  

0.7 (0.22–2.3)

0.59

  

 >70

11.5 (2.5–52)

0.002

  

2.3 (0.7–7.5)

0.16

  

Sex male

1.41 (0.93–2.1)

0.09

ns

 

0.95 (0.6–1.5)

0.8

  

Baseline disease

  

ns

   

ns

 

 AML

1

   

1

   

 ALL

0.8 (0.3–2)

0.68

  

0.6 (0.22–1.67)

0.3

  

 MDS

1.3 (0.5–3.4)

0.5

  

0.69 (0.25–1.9)

0.47

  

 CMPD

2.7 (1.1–6.8)

0.032

  

0.6 (0.23–1.5)

0.3

  

 NHL

1.37 (0.7–2.6)

0.3

  

0.63 (0.3–1.2)

0.3

  

 CLL

2.9 (1.12–7.6)

0.03

  

0.7 (0.35–1.06)

0.06

  

 Plasmatic cell disorder

0.98 (0.5–1.8)

0.9

  

0.7 (0.35–1.4)

0.3

  

 AA or auto-immune disorders

0.3 (0.09–1.1)

0.07

  

0.08 (0.01–0.69)

0.02

  

Disease status

  

ns

     

 CR/PR/not requiring therapy

1

   

1

   

 Rel/Ref/Prog

1.49 (0.96–2.3)

0.076

  

3.78 (2.3–6)

< 0.0001

2.9 (1.6–5.2)

< 0.0001

Procedure

  

ns

   

ns

 

 Allo-SCT

1

   

1

   

 ASCT

0.75 (0.37–1.5)

0.4

  

1.04 (0.43–2.5)

0.9

  

 Non-SCT

1.57 (0.92–2.6)

0.09

  

1.95 (1.03–3.7)

0.048

ns

 

Chemotherapy 40 days before COVID-19

1.18 (0.7–1.8)

0.4

ns

 

1.76 (1.1–2.79)

0.016

ns

 

Disease Dx within 40 days of COVID-19

1.1 (0.6–1.9)

0.7

ns

 

2.2 (1.24–3.9)

0.007

ns

 

ECOG 3–4

1.8 (1.14–2.98)

0.012

ns

 

3.7 (2.2–6.1)

< 0.0001

2.56 (1.4–4.7)

0.003

Active smoking

1.88 (0.89–3.9)

0.094

ns

 

1.3 (0.6–2.79)

0.4

  

Arterial hypertension

2.26 (1.4–3.49)

< 0.0001

2 (1.3–3.2)

0.002

2.6 (1.6–4.16)

< 0.0001

ns

 

Cardiomyopathy

1.98 (1.1–3.4)

0.015

ns

 

1.6 (0.9–2.88)

0.089

ns

 

Dyslipidemia

1.6 (1–2.59)

0.049

ns

 

1.86 (1.1–3)

0.015

ns

 

Place of SARS-CoV-2 infection

  

ns

     

 Outpatient

1

   

1

   

 Inpatient in specialized hospital

1.1 (0.6–1.8)

0.69

  

1.05 (0.3–3.6)

0.9

  

ALC < 0.5 × 109/L

1.7 (1.1–2.68)

0.014

1.7 (1.1–2.7)

0.015

2.25 (1.6–3.6)

0.001

ns

 

ANC < 0.5 × 109/L

1.4 (0.7–2.7)

0.27

ns

 

3.4 (1.8–6.67)

< 0.0001

2.8 (1.3–6.1)

0.01

Platelet count (× 109/L)

      

ns

 

 < 20 × 109/L

1.7 (0.8–3.66)

0.16

  

4.44 (2.1–9.4)

< 0.0001

  

 21–50 × 109/L

1.18 (0.6–2.26)

0.6

  

3.6 (1.8–7.05)

< 0.0001

  

 > 50 × 109/L

1

   

1

   

CRP > 20 mg/dL

3.1 (1.9–4.9)

< 0.0001

2.67 (1.6–4.3)

< 0.0001

4 (2.2–7.18)

< 0.0001

3.3 (1.7–6.4)

< 0.0001

IL-6 > 50 pg/mLb

3.2 (1.38–7.35)

0.007

NT

 

2.7 (1.1–6.59)

0.028

NT

 

Ferritin levelsb

  

NT

   

NT

 

 <500 µg/mL

1

   

1

   

 501–1000 µg/mL

1.18 (0.4–3.2)

   

1 (0.24–4.1)

0.99

  

 >1001 µg/mL

2.4 (1.1–5.35)

0.03

  

2.8 (1–7.9)

0.05

  

D dimer > 500 ng/mLb

1.6 (1.02–2.6)

0.04

NT

 

1.34 (0.8–2.3)

0.2

NT

 
  1. SCT: stem cell transplantation; ASCT: autologous stem cell transplantation; allo-SCT: allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; AML: acute myeloid leukemia; ALL: acute lymphoblastic leukemia; MDS: myelodysplastic syndrome; cMPD: chronic myeloproliferative disease; NHL: non-Hodgkin lymphoma; CLL: chronic lymphocytic leukemia; AA: aplastic anemia; CR: complete remission; PR: partial remission; Rel: relapse; Ref: refractory; Prog: progression; Dx: diagnostic; ANC: absolute neutrophil count; ALC: absolute lymphocyte count; CRP: C-reactive protein; IL: interleukin; ns: not significant; NT: not tested
  2. aStage IIB refers to severe disease, with pulmonary involvement and acute respiratory failure, as suggested in Siddiqi et al. [15]
  3. bThese variables were not included in the multivariate analyses due to the low number of patients with complete data