Fig. 3

Overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) by treatment regimen. The 5-year OS based on post-induction treatment regimen (a) and arm reassignment history (c), and the 5-year EFS based on post-induction treatment regimen (b) and arm reassignment history (d). Patients treated with Arm C had significantly inferior (p < 0.05) OS (a). Patients who were NCI high-risk and treated with induction Arm B but reassigned due to slow early response (SER) to post-induction Arm C (B → C, depicted in the light dashed line in c, d) had significantly (p < 0.05) inferior survival outcomes despite treatment intensification reassignment. In contrast, NCI standard-risk patients treated with induction Arm A and then reassigned for SER to post-induction Arm C (A → C) had favorable outcomes comparable to those of patients with rapid early response treated with regimen Arm A (c, d)