Fig. 1

Cancer-Immunity cycle and neoantigen presentation. cancer-immunity cycle: neoantigen released by dead cancer cell initiates the anti-tumor immune response. Then the neoantigen is captured and presented by antigen presentation cell (APC) which induces the priming and activation of neoantigen-specific T cell in peripheral immune organ. Peripheral activated T effector cell traffics to and infiltrates into tumor bed. Following recognition of neoantigen, tumor cell is killed by tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL). Neoantigen presentation: in the proteasome of tumor cell, mutant protein derived from somatic mutation is degenerated into peptide and then transported to endoplasmic reticulum. The peptide binds to major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I) binding site by transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP). Simultaneously, the assembled peptide-MHC-I complex is transported to membrane of tumor cell. Cytotoxic T cell could recognize peptide-MHC-I complex and kill the tumor cell