Table 1 Summary of cases (n = 91), part I, part II, part III
References | Age | Gender | Agent | Days to lesion | Location | Intervention | Days to resolution |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Part I | |||||||
 [1] | 62 | F | Enoxaparin | Unknown | Buttock | AC changed to warfarin | 14 |
 [1] | 32 | M | Enoxaparin | 14 | Lower extremities | AC discontinued | 7 |
 [2] | 75 | M | Dalteparin | 5 | Hands and groin | AC changed to coumadin, died of IC 14 days later | Death |
 [2] | 82 | F | Tinzaparin | 6 | Extremities | AC discontinued | 10 |
 [2] | 64 | M | Heparin Calcium | 21 | Forearms and ankles | AC continued | Yes, unknown |
 [3] | 72 | F | Enoxaparin | 2 | Abdomen and upper extremities | AC changed to oral after planned intervention | 14 |
 [3] | 57 | M | Enoxaparin | 3 | Abdomen and upper and lower extremities | Unknown | Unknown |
 [4] | 88 | M | Enoxaparin then warfarin | 14 | Left arm and ankle | AC discontinued | 14 |
 [5] | 51 | Unknown | Enoxaparin then tinzaparin | 2 | Upper and lower extremities, abdomen | AC discontinued | Unknown |
 [6] | 86 | M | Enoxaparin | 1 | Trunk, extremities | AC continued | 30 |
 [6] | 87 | M | Enoxaparin | 5 | Limbs and hands | AC continued | 21 |
 [6] | 73 | F | Bemiparin then Enoxaparin | 1 | Lower extremities | Changed to rivaroxaban, died 10 days later | Death |
 [6] | 72 | M | Bemiparin | 30 | Trunk, legs | AC continued | 21 |
 [6] | 82 | M | Enoxaparin | 3 | Arms | AC continued | 21 |
 [7] | 68 | M | Enoxaparin | 8 | Hand, neck, and face | Unknown | 14 |
 [7] | 78 | M | Enoxaparin | 10 | Knees and forearm | AC continued | 14 |
 [8] | 85 | M | Enoxaparin | 3 | Torso and legs | AC discontinued | Unknown |
 [9] | 73 | M | Enoxaparin | 14 | Upper extremities | AC continued | 14 |
 [10] | 77 | M | Enoxaparin | 3 | Trunk, right hand | AC discontinued | 2 |
 [10] | 94 | M | Tinzaparin | 15 | Trunk, limbs | AC discontinued | 10 |
 [11] | 59 | F | Enoxaparin | 30 | Dorsal hand | AC continued | 4 |
 [12] | 68 | M | Enoxaparin | 1 | Feet, leg, neck, hands dorsum | AC discontinued | Unknown |
 [12] | 77 | M | Enoxaparin | 8 | Dorsum of feet, dorsum of hands | AC discontinued | Unknown |
 [13] | 88 | F | Enoxaparin | 5 | Legs | AC changed to warfarin | Unknown |
 [14] | 87 | F | Enoxaparin | 10 | Knees, forearms, elbows | Unknown | 14 |
 [15] | 71 | M | Enoxaparin | 2 | Abdomen | AC discontinued | 7 |
 [16] | 90 | M | Enoxaparin | 8 | Left arm and ankle | AC continued | 14 |
 [17] | 73 | M | Enoxaparin | 6 | Left palm | AC continued | 14 |
Part II | |||||||
 [18] | 63 | M | Enoxaparin | 12 | Lower extremities | AC continued | 3 |
 [18] | 74 | M | Enoxaparin | 13 | Lower extremities | AC continued | 3 |
 [19] | 83 | M | Warfarin + UFH | 5 | Arms, flank, thighs | Heparin discontinued | Yes, unknown |
 [20] | 77 | M | Enoxaparin | 5 | Unknown | Changed to dabigatran | 14 |
 [21] | 82 | F | Warfarin | 10 | Extremities | Changed to enoxaparin | Worsening lesions, resolved after all AC stopped |
 [22] | 90 | M | Enoxaparin | 8 | Ankle and wrist | AC continued | 14 |
 [22] | 65 | M | Enoxaparin | 9 | Lower and upper extremities | Changed to tinzaparin as lesions persisted for 6 weeks on enoxaparin | 14 |
 [22] | 64 | M | Enoxaparin | 7 | Lower and upper extremities | AC continued | 21 |
 [22] | 89 | M | Enoxaparin | 10 | Lower and upper extremities scalp and back | AC discontinued | 21 |
 [22] | 74 | M | Enoxaparin | 20 | Hand and leg | AC discontinued | 14 |
 [23] | 71 | M | Enoxaparin | 14 | Forearms, hands, knees | AC continued | Persisting lesions for 6 months, resolved after AC stopped |
 [24] | 64 | M | Enoxaparin | 5 | Arms and hands | Dose reduced | 14 |
 [25] | 74 | M | Enoxaparin | 5 | Upper and lower extremities, abdomen | AC discontinued | 7 |
 [26] | 52 | M | Enoxaparin | 7 | Lower and upper extremities | AC continued | 3 |
 [27] | 77 | F | Enoxaparin | 15 | Limbs | AC continued | 14 |
 [28] | 77 | F | Enoxaparin | 5 | Hands and shins | AC continued, fatal ICH 4 weeks later | 12 |
 [29] | 72 | M | Enoxaparin | 7 | Arm and legs | AC changed to UFH | 7 |
 [30] | 59 | F | Enoxaparin | 270 | Legs | AC changed to fondaparinux then rivaroxaban | Unknown |
 [30] | 51 | F | Fondaparinux | Unknown | Legs | AC changed to rivaroxaban | 3 |
 [31] | 75 | F | Enoxaparin | 3 | Arms, hands, feet | AC held, lesions resolved, AC restarted and lesions re-appeared, improved with steroids, patient had past history of bullous pemphigoid | 28 |
Part III | |||||||
 [32] | 60 | M | UFH | 5 | Limbs and trunk | AC continued | Unknown |
 [32] | 68 | F | UFH then enoxaparin | 7 | Abdomen, hands, feet | AC changed to rivaroxaban | 21 |
 [32] | 64 | M | Enoxaparin, warfarin | 9 | Lower and upper extremities | AC discontinued | 30 |
 [32] | 38 | F | UFH | 7 | Chest and ankle | AC discontinued | 7 |
 [32] | 72 | F | Enoxaparin | 2 | Forearm | AC discontinued | 2 |
 Ref. [33]; Case series of 37 cases, 1985–2015 | 77.4 | M 20 F 17 | LMWH Fondaparinux Sodic heparin Calcic heparin | 8.8 | Limbs and trunk | AC discontinued in 34 cases AC continued in 1 case Unknown in 2 cases | Unknown |
 Case currently reported | 62 | M | Enoxaparin | 7 | Calf and hands | AC continued with worsening lesions, after 4 months changed to apixaban | 21 after change to apixaban |