Fig. 2

Change in immune cell populations and properties. A diagram of the T-cell receptor sequencing protocol is shown in a. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and subjected to 2 rounds of PCR amplification. During the first round, primers specific for the variable (forward) and joining (reverse) were used to amplify somatically recombined T-cell receptors. During the second round, each amplicon was amplified using primers containing barcode and adapter sequences to facilitate T-cell receptor sequencing via the Illumina platform in the next step of the protocol. The sequencing data were used to evaluate T-cell receptor clonality, diversity, and changes from baseline. Percent changes in CD8 T cells from baseline among patients in the SIRIUS study are shown in b. The patient, indicated by the red line, showed a rapid expansion of CD8⁺ T cells that was maintained over time. c The percent change from baseline of regulatory T cells over time. d T-cell receptor clonality at baseline versus on-treatment time points. For all patients in black, the on-treatment time point was 3 months. For the patient, the sample time points were 3 and 32 months, in orange and red, respectively. e The T-cell receptor clonality in the case study patient at baseline, 3, and 32 months. PBMCs peripheral blood mononuclear cells, V variable region, D diversity region, J joining region, PCR polymerase chain reaction, TCR T-cell receptor