Table 3 Lists the best currently available treatment suggestions for each syndrome and references for the recommendation

Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration

Antitumor therapy resection of the primary tumor increases the overall median survival rates

IVIG IVIG may be used alone or in combination with secondary treatments

Cyclophosphamide

[45, 46]

Methylprednisolone

[50, 51]

Opsiclonus–myoclonus syndrome

Antitumor therapy including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy

Immunotherapy (alternative) IVIG ± Corticosterods or Plasmapharesis

Mycophenolate mofetil(MM) Mycophenolate was found to be associated with decreased relapse rates after stopping immunotherapy

Symptomatic treatments

Benzodiazepines

Valproic acid

Gabapentin

Baclofen

Levetiracetam

[79, 118]

[34, 119]

[120, 121]

[122]

Stiff person syndrome

Antitumor treatment alternatives: Benzodiazepines, IVIG, Plasmapharesis, Corticosteroids

Baclofen

[82, 88]

Dantrolene

[89, 90]

Clonidine

[91, 92]

Tizanidine

[96–100]

Physical therapy

Intrathecal baclofen-if refractory

Paraneoplastic limbic encephalomyelitis

Antitumor treatment

Symptomatic treatment

Physiotherapy

Seizure control

IVIG

Corticosteroids

[7, 112]

Plasmapharesis

[113, 114]

Paraneoplastic retinopathy

There are no controlled trials for the treatment of paraneoplastic retinopathy nor paraneoplastic peripheral neuropathy. The literature is deemed insufficient at this time to recommend management of these conditions. The referenced case series and case report suggest the use of IVIG, plasmapharesis, steroids and/or chemotherapy

[106, 123]

Paraneoplastic sensory peripheral neuropathy