Figure 3

Boundary conditions were used in numerical simulations. The constant flow rate of the inlet was set at 100 ml s⁻¹. The constant pressures of the three outlets were applied to 0 Pa. (A) without stenosis; (B) tracheal stenosis; (C) bronchial stenosis for the right primary bronchus with nearly total collapse; (D) bronchial stenosis for the left primary bronchus with nearly total collapse.