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Table 1 Clinical trials targeting MDSCs in tumors

From: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer: therapeutic targets to overcome tumor immune evasion

Target

Intervention

Conditions

Phase

Status

Number Enrolled

NCT

Adenosine A2B Receptor antagonist;

Chemotherapy

PBF-1129 and Nivolumab

NSCLC

I

Recruiting

30

NCT05234307

Chemotherapy;

Electrothermal therapy

Gemcitabine;

Focused Ultrasound;

Gemcitabine and Focused Ultrasound

Breast Cancer

I

Recruiting

48

NCT04796220

Chemotherapy

Tadalafil

Astrocytoma

I

Completed

18

NCT04757662

Endocrine Therapy; Chemotherapy

Abemaciclib; Fulvestrant; Aromatase Inhibitors

Breast Cancer

II

Active, not recruiting

18

NCT04352777

Anti-PD-1;

Chemotherapy

Nivolumab; Nivolumab and Gemcitabine

NSCLC

II

Terminated

3

NCT03302247

Chemotherapy

Fludarabine; Busulfan; Methotrexate

Leukemia

I

Active, not recruiting

20

NCT02916979

CXCR1/2 antagonist;

Anti-PD-1

SX-682 and Pembrolizumab

Melanoma

I

Recruiting

77

NCT03161431

PDE-5 inhibitor

Tadalafil

Head and Neck Squamous Cell

Carcinoma

II

Completed

40

NCT01697800

Anti-PD-1;

ATRA

Pembrolizumab with ATRA

Melanoma

I/II

Active, not recruiting

26

NCT03200847

Anti-PD-1;

ATRA

ATRA and Atezolizumab

NSCLC

I

Recruiting

18

NCT04919369

ATRA;

Anti-CTLA-4

ATRA; Ipilimumab

Melanoma

II

Active, not recruiting

10

NCT02403778

H2 receptor antagonist

Ranitidine

Cancer

IV

Completed

30

NCT03145012

TLR9 agonist;

Anti-PD-1

CMP-001 and Nivolumab

Melanoma;

Lymph Node Cancer

II

Active, not recruiting

34

NCT03618641

Chemotherapy;

Anti-VEGF

Capecitabine;

Bevacizumab

Recurrent Glioblastoma

I

Active, not recruiting

12

NCT02669173

  1. MDSCs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells; MNPs, mononuclear phagocytes; DCs, dendritic cells; ImCs, immature cells; MSCs, myeloid suppressor cells; PMN-MDSCs, polymorphonuclear-MDSCs; M-MDSCs, monocytic MDSCs; ARG1, arginase 1; MMP-9, metalloproteinase-9; PD-L1, programmed death ligand 1; HLA-I, human leukocyte antigens class I; CMPs, common myeloid progenitors; GMPs, granulocyte–macrophage progenitors; MB, myeloblasts; MDP, monocyte/macrophages and dendritic cell; IL-17A, Interleukin-17A; GM-CSF, granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor; G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; CCR2, C–C chemokine receptor 2; CCR5, C–C chemokine receptor 5; TGF-β, transforming growth factor beta; CD62L, L-selectin2; ADAM17, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 17; TACE, TNF-α-converting enzyme; HMGB1, high mobility group box-1; ROS, reactive oxygen species; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; TCR, T-cell receptor; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; RNS, reactive nitrogen species; NO, nitric oxide; Trp, tryptophan; TME, tumor microenvironment; CAT-2B, cationic amino acid transporter protein; IDO1, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1; AhR, aryl hydrocarbon receptor; PD-1, programmed cell death 1; VISTA, V-domain Ig suppressor of T-cell activation; Gal-9, galactose lectin-9; AML, acute myeloid leukemia; TIM-3, T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin structural domain 3; STING, stimulator of interferon genes; TIGIT, T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain; HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; NK, Natural killer; NKG2D, natural killer group 2D; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; NF-Κb, nuclear factor-κB; IL-10, interleukin-10; IL-12, interleukin-12; Treg, regulatory T; LTB4, leukotriene B4; EV, extracellular vesicles; HSP90α, heat shock protein 90α; NLRP3, NOD-like receptor protein 3; CCN4, Cell Communication Network Factor 4; HCC, Hepatocellular carcinoma; CAFs, cancer-associated fibroblasts; MIF, migration inhibitory factor; SLC7A11, solute carrier family 7 member 11; CSF1, colony-stimulating factor 1; SLC7A2, Solute carrier family 7 member 2; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; AKT, protein kinase B; RIP3, receptor-interacting protein kinase 3; ENTPD2, ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2; HIF-1, hypoxia-inducible factor-1; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; 5'-AMP, 5'-Adenosine monophosphate; PIWIL1, Piwi Like RNA-Mediated Gene Silencing 1; FAO, fatty acid β-oxidation; AR, androgen; CCRK, cell cycle-related kinase; EZH2, Enhancer of zeste homolog 2; BC, breast cancer; GMPs, granulocyte-monocyte progenitors; GPs, granulocyte progenitors; BM, bone marrow; CCL20, C–C motif chemokine ligand 20; BCSC, breast cancer stem cells; NO, nitric oxide; CEBPB, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta; AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; AMPKα, AMP-activated protein kinase alpha; eMDSCs, early myeloid-derived suppressor cells; JAK, Janus kinase; SOCS3, suppressor of cytokine signaling-3; PIAS3, protein inhibitor of activated STAT-3; SMAD3, Smad family member 3; KAT6A, lysine acetyltransferase 6A; TRIM, tripartite motif‐containing; Enpp1, ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1; NET, neutrophil extracellular traps; PCa, Prostate cancer; ICB, immune checkpoint blockade; CRPC, castration resistant prostate cancer; IL-23, Interleukin-23; CHD1, chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 1; PTEN, Phosphatase and tensin homolog; LC, Lung cancer; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; IL-7, Interleukin-7; Gprc5a, G-protein–coupled receptor, family C, member 5A; PTGES, PGE synthase; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; GALNT3, polypeptide N-acetyl-galactosaminyltransferase 3; PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase; CAFs, Cancer-associated fibroblasts; PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; AML, acute myeloid leukemia; CAC, colitis-associated cancer; FGFR1, fibroblast growth factor receptor-1; TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis-induced ligand; SHP2, phosphatase 2; Aza, azacytidine; PDE-5, Phosphodiesterase-5; CIK, cytokine-induced killer; Gal-3, alactose lectin-3; Hv1, voltage-gated proton channels; COX-2, cyclo-oxygenase 2; BTK, Bruton’s tyrosine kinase; UPR, unfolded protein response;ATRA, All-trans retinoic acid
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Experimental Hematology & Oncology

ISSN: 2162-3619

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