Fig. 4
From: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer: therapeutic targets to overcome tumor immune evasion
MDSCs in hepatocellular carcinoma. In hepatocellular carcinoma, MDSCs are recruited to HCC cells and enhance immunosuppression, which is stimulated by CAFs secreting MIF and tumors secreting HMGB1, CSF1 and CXCL1. In addition, tumor overexpression of ENTPD2 converts extracellular ATP to 5'-AMP, which maintains MDSCs and prevents MDSCs from differentiating. Under the stimulation of complement C3, the interaction between MDSCs and HCC cells was enhanced, which initiated the expression of IL10 and suppressed T-cell immunity